Family and the General Systems Theory - 1379 Words

The word family can be defined in many ways. When I think of the word family, I think of two or more individuals who are sometimes related by blood or through a strong bond of unconditional love, as well as, a shared experience, values, responsibilities, the law, even related through a community. Different families view themselves in different ways. They have different roles, have certain boundaries or rules, communicate and solve problems in a different way, and can adjust to change differently. I will discuss my own family and how I view my family through the lens of the General Systems theory and apply each central property as it contains to my family and how we communicate. There are six significant properties within the General systems theory, wholeness, interdependence, boundaries and openness, hierarchies and subsystems, calibration and feedback, and lastly there is equifinality. I consider family to be two or more people. Everywhere I go I usually look at the family as a cir cle instead of seeing them each as an individual person. I look at a family as a circle because they all are bonded in some sort of way. Wholeness could be thought of as a circle, because a circle can be defined as one whole figure. Many times a family view themselves as one whole figure or wholeness. Wholeness is defined as the way the family view themselves. The family unit has a personality that is shaped by the combination of each members (Turner). No one can truly understand a familyShow MoreRelatedSystems Theory1067 Words   |  5 PagesSYSTEMS THEORY Summary RSP 1 SYSTEMS THEORY Three Distinct but Closely Interrelated Theoretical Legacies ïÆ'Ëœ Information theory: focuses on the reduction of uncertainty which is achieved by the acquisition of information . ïÆ'Ëœ Cybernetics: a science of communication concerned with the transmission and control of information; it examines the communication and manipulation of information in various systems . ïÆ'Ëœ General Systems Theory (GST): interested in systems in general; family systems theory isRead MoreCarl Jung And Alfred Adler1517 Words   |  7 Pagessociety disbanded due to opposing views. Some of their opposing views and beliefs surrounding Freud s Psychodynamic Theory. During the early 1900s, as a result of Freud s clinical experiences with patients, he developed the Psychodynamic theory. He developed the psychodynamic theory in hopes of explaining how a person’s life experiences, dictate their behavior. This theory was not widely accepted among his cohorts. Carl Jung believed, â€Å"the self† via self awareness and self direction determinesRead MoreGeneral Systems Theory And Clinical Practice1546 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Numerous family theories have been adopted for use in clinical practice that help to focus on family centered care. Being familiar with the array of family theories helps the advance practice nurse (APN) to understand different viewpoints of family centered care and incorporate that knowledge into his or her clinical practice. Not one family theory model explains all family phenomena; therefore, being able to know the basics behind the different theories will help one to be a betterRead MoreEssay about Systems Theory1561 Words   |  7 PagesSystems approach is based on the fundamental principle that all aspects of a human problem should be treated together in a rational manner (Healy, 2005). I have divided this essay into relevant sections that cover an overview of systems ideas, general systems theory and ecological systems theory. This assignment will also include Germain and Gittermans life model, and it will be related back to the case study that has been provided. Limitatio ns of systems theory will also be discussed. SystemsRead MoreThe National Association Of Social Workers827 Words   |  4 Pagesjustice. All families should have access to the resources and services they need. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW), created a code of Ethics to use in practice. â€Å"Social Workers advocate for fair and equitable access to public services and benefits. Social workers advocate for equal treatment and protection under the law and challenge injustices, especially injustices that affect the vulnerable and disadvantaged,† (McLaughlin, 2009). The worker involved with the Grape family must advocateRead MoreUnderstanding The Mission And Values Of The Profession Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pageslives and relieving the hardships of the members of a population. Tbe field of social work addresses many problems for the well being of society, including: health care, criminal justice, domestic violence, economic and public policies, child and family welfare, as well as homelessness. Professio nal social workers are trained with the education and tools necessary to address problems from several different perspectives, and the ability to inform people in need of the resources available to help themRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Female Delinquency1253 Words   |  6 Pagestheories. A major theory used to explain female delinquency is the general strain theory (GST). According to Bartollas, â€Å"GST explains female delinquency by contending that many females experience harsh discipline, parental rejection, peer abuse, negative secondary school experience, homelessness, and a strong need for money;† these strains can cause females to cope through delinquent behavior (73). The social learning theory also explains female delinquency as â€Å"some females tend to associate withRead MoreSocial Work Can Be Defined As A Broad Profession Essay1660 Words   |  7 Pagesimproving the lives and relieving the hardships of the members of a population. Social work addres ses many problems for the well being of society, including: health care, criminal justice and domestic violence, economic and public policies, child and family welfare, as well as homelessness. Social workers are trained professionals with the education and tools necessary to address problems from several different perspectives, with the intention of helping the masses and not just individuals. Social workersRead MoreFamily Theory1580 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Introduction After reviewing the theories, I have chosen Family System theory to discuss how various factors may impact at different stages in the family lifecycle in a Singapore context. â€Å"Family systems theory grew out of the general systems theory, a conceptual framework developed in the 1960s by Ludwig von Bertalanffy (1968), and family therapists applied these ideas to marriage and family as a system.† (Olson, 2003, p.71). He proposed that a system is characterized by the interactions of itsRead MoreGeneral Strain Theory And Its Effects On Adolescent Delinquency913 Words   |  4 Pages There are many ways in which general strain theory can be implemented in policy. Programs created to reduce delinquency and crime must be focused on the negative emotions, behavior and actions of the individual, and relationships developed through interaction. A family based program is a program that could be implemented. The idea behind a family oriented program would be designed to address family bond and communication between the parents and children. Studies done in the past support the notion

The Ethics Of The Integrity Objection - 1336 Words

The Integrity Objection is a counter-argument to consequentialism first proposed by Bernard Williams in 1973. It problematizes consequentialist moral philosophy on the grounds that it forces an agent to forfeit their ‘integrity’ – their character and personal values – in order to follow an impartial moral calculus. When an agent performs an action which is morally correct according to a consequentialist calculation, they may experience guilt, sadness, or other negative emotions despite the moral rightness of what they did. Utilitarianism considers such feelings irrelevant because they are irrational. However, as Williams points out, â€Å"to regard those feelings from a purely utilitarian point of view†¦ is to lose a sense of one’s moral†¦show more content†¦Thus the former is morally culpable for the actions of the latter by virtue of being the cause of the action. Opponents of consequentialism argue that negative responsibility, and the consequentialist doctrine as a whole, is unacceptable because it reduces an agent to merely â€Å"a locus of causal intervention in the world.† Instead of being people, agents are no more than origin points of cause and effect, and their integrity is forfeit as a result. Although Williams dedicates a significant portion of his paper to illustrating the problem of integrity, he offers no defense against it. In fact, he acknowledges that life-defining projects and integrity exist, agrees that it is absurd to expect an agent to discard them in order to be moral, and then departs from the problem of integrity without further discussion. Scheffler defends against the problem of integrity by proposing a modified version of consequentialism. He first asserts that consequentialism should be the foundation of a moral theory due to the absurdity of non-consequentialist moral theories, which incorporate what he calls â€Å"agent-centered restrictions†. Agent-centered restrict ions assert that there are certain actions which are always morally impermissible, regardless of the context or the consequences of that action. These restrictions can prohibit an agentShow MoreRelatedCritisism for Rule and Act Utilitarianism1155 Words   |  5 Pages127). Alongside, â€Å"an often debated question in ethics is whether rule utilitarianism is a consistent version of utilitarianism† (Pojman, 127). The purpose of this paper will be to demonstrate how the arguments supporting utilitarianism are not as strong as some may think. The reasons to support for utilitarianism are not strong because utilitarianism is not always feasible, only takes into account end goals, conflicts with an individual’s integrity, and is incompatible with justice. To begin withRead MoreUtilitarianism And Its Flaws Of John Stuart Mill s Defends Utilitarianism Essay1307 Words   |  6 PagesChristian Mangru Professor Grindeland Ethics from a Global Perspective 7 December 2016 Utilitarianism and its Flaws John Stuart Mill’s defends utilitarianism, an ethical theory according to which, as he puts it, â€Å"actions are right in proportion as they tend to promote happiness, wrong as they tend to produce the reverse of happiness† (155 Ethics). In other words, actions are morally right if they make us happy and actions are morally wrong if they make us unhappy. Utilitarianism is an ethicalRead MoreThe Radio-Television News Directors Association: Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct1040 Words   |  4 PagesCODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION The Radio-Television News Directors Association, wishing to foster the highest professional standards of electronic journalism, promote public understanding of and confidence in electronic journalism, and strengthen principles of journalistic freedom to gather and disseminate information, establishes this Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. PREAMBLE Professional electronic journalists should operate as trusteesRead MoreObjections to Utilitarianism1467 Words   |  6 PagesOBJECTIONS TO UTIILITARIANISM SECTION (1) INTRODUCTION We noted, last week, that UTILITARIANISM is a version of CONSEQUENTIALISM in that it holds that the RIGHT action (in any given situation) is the action WHICH HAS THE WHICH HAS THE BEST CONSEQUENCES; CONSEQUENTIALIST ethical theories may be contrastedRead MorePersonal Code Of Ethics Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesMy personal Code of Ethics includes Respect, Integrity, Fairness and Caring. Some situations in life may be subjective, but what matters is making sure the results are fair for all parties. Through the years I have found identifying and setting personal values to be increasingly difficult since the right decisions aren’t always appeasing to all that are involved. Every decision made or not made is definitive of myself, and in believing so removing the need to conform to standards imposed by societyRead MoreEthics, The Solicitors Regulation Authority1055 Words   |  5 Pagesin making citizens virtuous†. Laws of conduct used to govern society are formed by what is perceived as virtuous and just. Legal professionals are not only governed by laws of the land but are morally and legally constrained by a stringent code of ethics, known as the Solicitors Regulation Authority. There are ten principles that focus on 5 main core responsibilities a solicitor has with their client, business, regulator, others, application, waivers and interpretations. A legal professional mustRead MoreSears Auto Center Scandal1475 Words   |  6 PagesLGST001 Ââ€" Ethics and Social Responsibility Sears Auto Center Scandal Managing Business Ethics Text (pp.207 - 210) Ethical Decision-making Issue: Should Sears remove its commission-based compensation scheme? Group Stand: The majority of the group believes that Ellen should be removed from the team. Support for Motion: Rawls theory/Egalitarianism The underlying inequality is that car owners are paying for repair services they do not require while Sears benefits by earning higherRead MoreThe Use Of Diuretics And Its Effects On Quality Of Life1362 Words   |  6 Pagesquantity of laxatives needed, which reduces the side effects and dangers of laxative over-use (Harrington and Haskvitz, 2006; Rodrigues-Fisher et al., 1993) Ethical Frameworks and Principles Ethical Frameworks Utilitarianism The Utilitarian approach to ethics states that an action is good if it produces more good than harm for the most people (Santa Clara University, 2015). Moving from pharmacological treatment to non-pharmacological prevention of constipation is supported by this approach because non-pharmacologicalRead MoreEssay on Does Utilitarianism Lead to Extreme Self Sacrifice?900 Words   |  4 Pagesharms for all affected impartially. In Utilitarianism, J.S. Mill was trying to show that actions and institutions should increase the overall amount of happiness in the world, and stressed the importance of utilitarianism as the first principle in ethics. Happiness should be judged, not only by pleasure, but by pain as well, Mill believes that a person should always seek to gain pleasure and reject pain. According to Smart, the act-utilitarian is to regard rules as mere rules of thumb, and willRead MoreRole of Ethics792 Words   |  4 PagesExplain the role of ethics and social responsibility in developing a strategic plan, considering stakeholder needs. Society expects businesses to be responsible both socially and ethically. â€Å"Businesses are supposed to respect the environment, pursue fairness in dealing with internal and external customers, and strive to improve their communities† (Romani, 1998). Ignoring the ethical standards will have an adverse impact on businesses as well as the consumers. Although some unethical practices are

Comparing the Tang and Song Dynasties free essay sample

The Tang and Song Dynasties in Ancient China were similar, yet different. They had varying aspects politically, socially, and economically. They varied the most politically, while they were very similar economically. Socially, they did not have opposite views or actions, but different views. Although they both controlled roughly the same areas in Ancient China, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had different political, economic, and social views. The Tang and Song Dynasties had different political views. As mentioned before, this is where they disagreed the most. The lone comparison between the two was that both dynasties were hereditary, meaning that there was a line of succession to the throne. However, the Tang Dynasty was divided into over 300 subdivisions, or prefectures, while the Song was centralized. The emperors that unified the Song were Emperors Taizong and Taizu. Also, the Tang political system had four forms: Lu, Ling, Ge, and Shi. Lastly, the Song Dynasty fell due to political corruption and outside invaders, things that the Tang Dynasty avoided. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Tang and Song Dynasties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is how the two dynasties had different political aspects. The Tang and Song Dynasties had fairly similar economic policies. The lone difference was that during the Tang Dynasty, trade occurred in the city, while in the Song Dynasty, there was only trade with India along the Silk Road. In terms of similarities, they both utilized the Grand Canal for trade and transport. They both had a strong military and made and utilized gunpowder, and they contained an elaborate tax system, which featured the use of paper money. Lastly, both dynasties had a well-educated bureaucracy. This was because both dynasties required civil service exams for people trying to enter the bureaucracy. This ensured that the bureaucracy would be composed of knowledgeable citizens. This is how the economic policies of the Tang and Song Dynasties compared. The Tang and Song Dynasties had similar social aspects. The Tang Dynasty is where Buddhism first started to be persecuted, and the Song Dynasty kept it going. The philosophers during the Song Dynasty therefore took further interest in Confucianism. In the Tang Dynasty, many monasteries were built, and many monks and nuns were employed. Many Buddhist sculptures, reaching two or three stories made of bronze, were then destroyed due to a coin shortage. This really started the anti-Buddhist backlash. In both dynasties, religion played a big factor in peoples lives, and there were many public festivals and events. Both dynasties also had many advances in astronomy, literature, medicine, and painting. However, one difference was the social classes; In the Song Dynasty, most people were even in terms of class, including women, while in the Tang Dynasty, the social rankings went as followed: The emperor, eunuchs, clergy, peasants, artisans, traders, and slaves. This was how the Tang and Song Dynasties matched up in terms of their social aspects. The Tang and Song Dynasties had differing views when it came to their political, economic, and social views. They had radically different political views, very similar economic views, and fairly similar social views. Major similarities included the civil service exam and the use of the Silk Road and the Grand Canal. Major differences included the social classes and the structure of the government, in terms of it being unified or scattered. Comparing the Tang and Song Dynasties free essay sample They had varying aspects politically, socially, and economically. They varied the most politically, while they were very similar economically. Socially, they did not have opposite views or actions, but different views. Although they both controlled roughly the same areas in Ancient China, the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty had different political, economic, and social views. The Tang and Song Dynasties had different political views. As mentioned before, this is where they disagreed the most. The lone comparison between the two was that both dynasties were hereditary, meaning that there was a line of succession to the throne. However, the Tang Dynasty was divided into over 300 subdivisions, or prefectures, while the Song was centralized. The emperors that unified the Song were Emperors Taizong and Taizu. Also, the Tang political system had four forms: Lu, Ling, Ge, and Shi. Lastly, the Song Dynasty fell due to political corruption and outside invaders, things that the Tang Dynasty avoided. We will write a custom essay sample on Comparing the Tang and Song Dynasties or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is how the two dynasties had different political aspects. The Tang and Song Dynasties had fairly similar economic policies. The lone difference was that during the Tang Dynasty, trade occurred in the city, while in the Song Dynasty, there was only trade with India along the Silk Road. In terms of similarities, they both utilized the Grand Canal for trade and transport. They both had a strong military and made and utilized gunpowder, and they contained an elaborate tax system, which featured the use of paper money. Lastly, both dynasties had a well-educated bureaucracy. This was because both dynasties required civil service exams for people trying to enter the bureaucracy. This ensured that the bureaucracy would be composed of knowledgeable citizens. This is how the economic policies of the Tang and Song Dynasties compared. The Tang and Song Dynasties had similar social aspects. The Tang Dynasty is where Buddhism first started to be persecuted, and the Song Dynasty kept it going. The philosophers during the Song Dynasty therefore took further interest in Confucianism. In the Tang Dynasty, many monasteries were built, and many monks and nuns were employed. Many Buddhist sculptures, reaching two or three stories made of bronze, were then destroyed due to a coin shortage. This really started the anti-Buddhist backlash. In both dynasties, religion played a big factor in peoples lives, and there were many public festivals and events. Both dynasties also had many advances in astronomy, literature, medicine, and painting. However, one difference was the social classes; In the Song Dynasty, most people were even in terms of class, including women, while in the Tang Dynasty, the social rankings went as followed: The emperor, eunuchs, clergy, peasants, artisans, traders, and slaves. This was how the Tang and Song Dynasties matched up in terms of their social aspects. The Tang and Song Dynasties had differing views when it came to their political, economic, and social views. They had radically different political views, very similar economic views, and fairly similar social views. Major similarities included the civil service exam and the use of the Silk Road and the Grand Canal. Major differences included the social classes and the structure of the government, in terms of it being unified or scattered.

Televisions Role In Making Gays And Lesbians Essays - Gender

Televisions Role In Making Gays And Lesbians I ONLY INTEND TO ASK A QUESTION AND PERHAPS ANSWER IT. GAYS HAVE COME FROM THE CONTINUOS ARROUSAL PROVIDED BY TELEVISION AND ITS DIRECTORS. MEN ARE FORCED TO WATCH SPORT WITH MEN AND NO FEMALES. THERE ARE SPORTS WITH FEMALES BUT THIS IS VERY LIMITED AND THEY ARE NOT VERY SPIRITUALLLY ENTERTAININING. MEN THEN WATCH MOVIES OF MEN PALYING WITH ANOTHER DISENABLING THEM TO CONSIDER THEIR TRUE COUNTERPARTS THE FEMALE. WOMEN HAVE BECOME LESBIANS BECAUSE IT IS SOMESOORT OF EXPERIMENT AND COMPETION BETWEEN THE GENDERS. IT IS TOO LATE AS THE LACK OF GENDER CONTROL IN SPORT AND SEXUAL PLAGUES OF LESBIANS AND GAYS ARE MANIPULATING AND MAKE THE VIEWER WHETHER MALE OR FEMALE CONTEMPLATE AND THEN CONVERT TO SUCH HYPOCRICY. ****************************************************** WRITE BACK TO ME AND TELL IF TELEVISION DICTATES YOUR LIFE. ************************************************ FOR I AM AN EXPERT IN MEDIA MANIPULATION AND THE AFFECTS OF SUCH ECOLOGICAL DAMMAGE WHICH MAY LEAD TO THE INNEVITABLE NO ACTUAL PROCREATION AND SCIENCES INTERFERANCE TO PRESEVE HUMAN KIND. Bibliography DR DONALD RIGUMAND> PSYCHOLOGGY OF TV> MANIPULATION> HUMAN NATURE> FREUDS TRUE DESIRES> THE GENDER INFERIORORITY COMPLEX> Psychology

Chadwick Inc Essay Essays

Chadwick Inc Essay Essays Chadwick Inc Essay Essay Chadwick Inc Essay Essay The concern schemes that are included in the balanced scorecard for Norwalk Division are: maximizing return on all development disbursement. fulfilling client demands. and the development of employee accomplishments. The scheme that is non embraced in the balanced scorecard is the 1 in respect to driving direction duty to the lowest degree. This scheme was non included because there needs to be a balance in duty through the administration. Employee marks and inducements are closely linked to the public presentation of the division ; more duty given to staff at lower degrees could increase the possibility of directors puting schemes for their ain benefit and division. This could take to disagreements between organizational ends and the ends set by direction for a specific division. New steps that need to be developed and included in the balanced scorecard are return on research capital. merchandise profitableness. merchandise development clip. figure of merchandises under development. and figure of employees take parting in preparation plans. The steps developed demand to be straight related to the aim and have the ability to supply feedback for that peculiar country. ( B ) A Balanced Scorecard developed for the administration will differ to one that is specifically developed for a certain division in an administration. The aims of an administration as a whole are marginally different to the aims that are set for a division or section. Organisational aims which are statements that articulate what the administration hopes to carry through will include all of the aims across the different divisions of the company ; where as divisional aims are aimed explicitly at that division. This may ensue in different steps used in the scorecards to measure public presentation associating to the specific aim. For illustration. Chadwick Inc. operates in many concerns including personal consumer merchandises and pharmaceuticals. The administrations overall aim is to bring forth high quality merchandises and acquire them to the market faster at lower costs. For its portion. the Norwalk Pharmaceutical Divisions aim is to increase the output of new merchandises and to cut down the clip and costs of the merchandise development rhythm. This divisional nonsubjective becomes a portion of the company’s current aims and is the aim that is focused on when developing the divisional scorecard. The divisional balanced scorecard was decided by the president of Chadwick Inc. to be developed in a manner ‘that was right for the division’ . This decentralized decision-making and authorization attack may make struggle between divisional scorecards and those of the corporation. This attack to developing a divisional scorecard may give rise to negative effects. Directors may concentrate excessively narrowly on their ain units public presentation and schemes instead than achieving the overall administrations ends. It could besides take to incompatibilities at the organizational degree. The advantages of decentralization outweigh its restrictions and should be adopted in the administration. However. to get the better of the struggle of disagreement between organizational and divisional scorecards. top direction demands to let for decentralization merely to a certain extent and guarantee that each division is being aware and taking into consideration the overall organizational aim. ( degree Celsius ) The concern scheme of a company or division is used to exemplify how all the single activities are coordinated to accomplish a coveted consequence. Developing a scheme is critical as it is used to put the overall way of the concern. The concern scheme for Norwalk was developed by one person and within a few proceedingss. For optimum consequences and clear way. a scheme should be developed over a longer clip period and the balanced scorecard should non be created until all the participants involved have a clear apprehension and vision of the concern. From the beginning of the undertaking it could be said Greenfield was non committed to the development of the balanced scorecard for the Norwalk division. He did non believe how dedicated Chadwick Inc. was to the construct. Any Balanced Scorecard undertaking will neglect if it is seen as merely another â€Å"management fad† . It needs sponsorship through active communicating – communicating that explains why the administration needs the Balanced Scorecard and how it will profit both the division and persons. During the procedure there was besides a deficiency of committedness from all the members. it took them several hebdomads before meeting and focussing on the undertaking. The clip spent developing a balanced scorecard is of import. if it is rushed it could take to negative effects when it is implemented. The divisions of Chadwick were advised that merely difficult informations ( fiscal information ) is to be used in the balanced scorecard. Financial information entirely merely provides short-run schemes ; non-financial informations offers a closer nexus to long-run organizational schemes. Therefore by embracing merely fiscal informations the balanced scorecard will supply merely a short-run step to measure the division’s public presentation.

What Is the Common Core A Straightforward Guide

What Is the Common Core A Straightforward Guide SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Have you heard about the Common Core? Are you asking, "what is the Common Core, exactly?" Don't worry. This post will explain what the Common Core is, why it was adopted, and how it could affect you as a student. Why should you care? The Common Core has driven some pretty major changes to big-name standardized tests like the SAT and ACT, as well as curriculum changes within schools. So read on to discover what you’re being tested on and why! Common Core 101 In this section, I'll explain what the Common Core is, why it was implemented, and what some common opinions about it are. Later, I'll discuss how the Common Core could affect your high school classes and standardized testing. Why Does Common Core Exist? Who Uses It? The Common Core is a set of educational standards for American schools, from kindergarten through 12th grade. It was designed so that education is consistent between each state and district. The first official adoptions of the Common Core were back in 2010, which means it has only been implemented during the 2013-14 school year and beyond. Since it has only been used the past two years, it’s hard to say how effective it’s been so far. It will take a few more years of Common Core before we have a decent sense of how useful it's been. It’s currently been adopted or partially adopted by 40 states. Four states never adopted the standards, and six initially adopted them but later repealed the standards. Or to put it another way, every state except Alaska, Indiana, Michigan, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia has adopted the standards. (Minnesota has adopted the English standards but not the Math ones). In the 44 states that have adopted the standards, school districts still design their own curriculums, and teachers create their own methods for instruction. In other words, the Common Core is not a day-by-day curriculum teachers have to follow – instead, it’s easiest to think of it as a series of basic benchmarks for each grade. So what exactly are these benchmarks? What do the Common Core Standards Do, Exactly? The Common Core sets specific learning goals for students in each grade from Kindergarten through 12th grade in two subjects: Math and English. Broadly speaking, the standards emphasize critical thinking and real-world problem-solving skills as opposed to rote memorization, reading obscure texts, and packing in tons of math concepts each year. The English standards rely on a mix of literary, historical, and informational texts – everything from Huck Finn to the Declaration of Independence to scientific articles. The Math standards focus on problem-solving and modeling as opposed to just moving through dozens of math concepts. You can expect to see more complex problems, including story problems, in math classes that are following the Common Core. We'll dig into the high school Common Core standards in depth later in this post. The Pros and Cons of Common Core There has been a lot of debate over the Common Core since it was first adopted by many states in 2010. We’ll leave it up to you to decide if the Common Core is a good thing or not, but these are the basic arguments for and against the standards. Supporters of the Common Core say the standards will better prepare students for college and their careers. By focusing on having students explain their thinking and come up with new ways to solve problems, they hope to help students be better college students and moreeffective workers. One high-profile supporter is current US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, who said Common Core may be "the single greatest thing to happen to public education in America since Brown versus Board of Education." Current US Secretary of Education Arne Duncan is a big fan of the Common Core. Critics say the standards are vague and might not be easy for many schools to adopt. Some believethey won’t lead to a marked improvement in school performance, especially since they come with harder state testing. Others are worried that the standards weren’t tested before they were adopted, so there is no way to know how’ll useful they’ll be. If you want to read more, one of the most thorough arguments against Common Core comes from Diane Ravitch, an education historian and former U.S. Assistant Secretary of Education. How Common Core Could Affect Your High School Classes Common Core was designed specifically for Math and English, so those are the classes where you can expect to see the biggest changes as a high school student. While your social studies, history, and science classes may incorporate some Common Core-like elements (more open-ended questions, problem solving, and real-world applications), it’s likely that your Math and English teachers will be responsible for the biggest curriculum changes. This article focuses on the high school Common Core standards, so if you want to see a guide to the Common Core at all grade levels, K-8, check out this guide put out by the national PTA. Common Core Math Experts have mostly agreed that in the past, American math classes have tried to cover too much ground each year. This means students know a little bit about many topics,but don’t have a solid understanding of the main ideas that would help them in more advanced math classes. In response to this issue, the Common Core math standards tackle fewer topics in more depth. The goal is for students' math fluency (their ability to perform basic math functions and work through problems) to be strengthened. You'll still spend time memorizing and practicing formulas and working through math problems, like you're probably used to doing in math class. But you’ll also do a lot of modeling to understand concepts you're learning about. For example, instead of just learning that y = mx + b is a linear equation and drawing it on a graph, you might model a linear equation with a real world situation, like in this example problem from Khan Academy: The problem still requires students to know the basic y = mx + b formula and what it means. But it goes a step further by requiring students to apply that formula to a real-world situation. You can see another example of how Common Core standards aim to promote more critical thinking below, courtesy of Foundation for Excellence in Education: For the problem on the left, you could just tackle it by manipulating the equation until y is alone. As the analysis notes, if you can follow a series of mechanical steps, you can get the right answer. For the problem on the right, not only do you need to find out what y is, but you also need to make your own equations, which requires you to have a stronger conceptual understanding of what equations are and how to write them. Basically, Common Core is trying to create a balance between math fluency (working through problems, memorizing formulas) and the ability to solve tougher problems using critical thinking skills. The Common Core High School Math Standards This is a basic summary of what the Common Core math standards will look in high school. Notice that these aren’t incredibly detailed, and focus on developing key skills in each area. They're less focused on moving through the traditional math sequence and getting through a bunch of concepts (Beginning Algebra, Geometry, Intermediate Algebra, Trigonometry, etc). Also notice these standards only go up through Statistics, so if you’re an advanced student aiming for calculus, these standards might not apply to you in your upper-level courses. Concept Description Example Number and Quantity Work with rational and irrational numbers, including exponents, solve problems with a wide range of units and solve problems by thinking about units. The Trans Alaska Pipeline System is 800 miles long and cost $8 billion to build. Divide one of these numbers by the other. What is the meaning of the answer? Algebra Solve real-world and mathematical problems by writing and solving nonlinear equations, such as quadratic equations, interpret and manipulate algebraic expressions to solve problems. Solve a problem about a loan with interest rate r and principal P by seeing the expression P(1+r)n as a product of P with a factor not depending on P. Functions Analyze functions algebraically and graphically, and work with functions presented in different forms. Given a graph of one quadratic function and an algebraic expression for another, say which has the larger maximum, working with function families and understanding their behavior (such as linear, quadratic, and exponential functions). Modeling Analyze real-world situations using mathematics to understand the situation better and optimize, troubleshoot, or make an informed decision about a problem or issue. Use volume formulas and graphs to find an optimal size for an industrial package. Geometry Prove theorems about triangles and other figures; use coordinates and equations to describe geometric properties algebraically. Prove that the angles in a triangle add to 180 degrees; write the equation for a circle in the coordinate plane with a specified center and radius. Statistics and Probability Make inferences and justify conclusions from sample surveys, experiments, and observational studies. Work with probability and use ideas from probability in everyday situations. Compare the chance that a person who smokes will develop lung cancer as compared to the chance that a person who develops lung cancer smokes. Via Parents' Guide to Student Success, from the National PTA. Common Core English (Language Arts) The old English (or Language Arts) standards, especially at the high school level, tended to focus mostly on reading and analyzing literature. The new Common Core English standards include a shift to more nonfiction and informational texts, as well as a push for more class discussions and writing that are focused on evidence from the readings (as opposed to the prior experiences or ideas of the students or teacher). Specifically, in elementary school, according to the Common Core, students should be reading a mix of 50 percent literature and 50 percent informational texts. By high school, students’ reading will shift to be 30 percent literary and 70 percent informational. The Common Core also pushes for students to study important foundational documents of the United States, including the Declaration of Independence. The new standards also push students to read harder texts that are matched to their grade level, even if their reading ability is below grade level. In the past, teachers were encouraged to match readings to the students’ current level of skill. To help them keep up, teachers should use techniques like close reading, and not be afraid to spend more than one class period on just one text. Also, instead of asking more general questions about a text, the Common Core encourages teachers to ask more specific questions about details in the text and what you can infer from them. All of this is to help students read and understand complex texts from a variety of subjects, and to prepare them to write strong essays, reports, and presentations. This table has a basic summary of the Common Core English standards for high school students. Just like the math standards, they're mostly skills-based (e.g., be able to "evaluate arguments and specific claims") as opposed to content-based (e.g., "read Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet"). Concept Goal Reading Understand more from and make fuller use of written materials, use a wider range of evidence to support an analysis, make more connections about how complex ideas interact and develop within a book, essay, or article. Reading Evaluate arguments and specific claims, assess whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is sufficient, and as appropriate, detect inconsistencies and ambiguities. Reading Analyze the meaning of foundational U.S. documents (like the Declaration of Independence, the Preamble to the Constitution). Writing Make an argument that is logical, well-reasoned, and supported by evidence. Writing Write a literary analysis, report, or summary that develops a central idea and a coherent focus and is well supported with relevant examples, facts, and details. Writing Conduct several research projects that address different aspects of the same topic, using more complex books, articles, and other sources. Speaking and Listening Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments, claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; and resolve contradictions when possible. Speaking and Listening Share research, findings, and evidence clearly and concisely. Speaking and Listening Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., animations, video, websites, podcasts) to enhance understanding of findings and to add interest. Language Determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases, choose flexibly from multiple strategies, such as using context, Greek and Latin roots, patterns of words (conceive, conception, conceivable), and consult specialized reference materials. Language Analyze figures of speech (e.g., hyperbole, paradox) in context and analyze their role in the written materials. Via Parents' Guide to Student Success, from the National PTA. How Common Core Affects Standardized Testing The Common Core will have a pretty sizeable effect on standardized testing – from college admissions tests to in-school exams – in the next few years. This may be the area you see the most noticeable changes in your high school experience, so read closely! First off, it’s important to know that the SAT and ACT were both involved with the creation of the Common Core standards. And in fact, the current head of College Board (the company that makes the SAT) helped write the Common Core. He was on the Language Arts committee. As Diane Ravitch notes in the Washington Post, â€Å"With David Coleman in charge of the College Board, the SAT will be aligned with the Common Core; so will the ACT. Both testing organizations were well represented in the writing of the standards; representatives of these two organizations comprised 12 of the 27 members of the original writing committee.† So it’s not a surprise that the SAT’s 2016 redesign is in large part to fit in with the Common Core Standards. To take just one example, let’s look at how the SAT essay is changing. This is an example of an old SAT essay topic: And hereis an example of a new one: (The prompt also includes an essay, which we won't make you read!) Via Test Specifications for the New SAT, pages 131-3. Notice the old essay question allowed students to draw from personal experience and examples. The new essay is all about working with evidence to make an argument – just like the English standards specify above. (We'll be outlining even more changes in an upcoming post just about SAT and the Common Core.) The ACT’s new features, like the new essay and more complex science questions, also speak to the Common Core standards, even though the ACT changes are less dramatic. In addition, ACT Inc.’s new Aspire testing aligns to Common Core goals. But the changes don’t stop with the SAT and ACT. Recent AP redesigns of Physics and US History have the goal of making the classes more skills-based and involving more critical thinking. Plus, Smarter Balanced, PARCC, and other new state-wide tests have been created to assess students with the new standards in mind. "To get at what's really fundamental in the Common Core, the higher-order thinking skills, we need performance-based tasks," said Derek Briggs, who advised both Smarter Balanced and PARCC (as quoted in US News). Thus,new tests had to be designed. These new tests could make standardized testing take even longer since the performance-based tasks take up much more time than your typical scantron-and-pencil multiple choice test. What Should You Do if Your State is Using Common Core? Even though the Common Core changes might seem intense, the good news is that, as a student, there isn't a lot you have to do to prepare for the new curriculum. Read on for advice on handling Common Core both in the classroom and on college admissions tests. Common Core in School If you’re a student, you don’t need to stress about the changes at the classroom level – your teachers will be the ones integrating the Common Core into their curriculums based on how your school district is adopting the standards. It would be worth talking to your teachers about how Common Core has affected their curriculums, if at all. Math and English teachers are likely to see the biggest changes. If your school is using Common Core, you can keep the standards in mind and work to use more evidence in English class and use real-world examples in math. But again, your teachers are responsible for implementing the changes to their curriculums and you should follow their lead. There is one important point to check up on: check in with your guidance counselor to make sure the sequence of math classes at your high school isn’t changing. If you want to take Calculus by the end of high school, you should aim to have completed Algebra before freshman year. Since the Common Core standards don’t explicitly list Algebra until ninth grade (even though Algebra concepts are included in the middle school standards), some worry that Algebra classes will be bumped to ninth grade, putting students behind. Common Core on Standardized Tests We will have more detailed posts coming up on Common Core specifically on the SAT and ACT. But if you're worried about how the Common Core will change the ACT and SAT and affect how you study for either test, keep the following advice in mind. For the SAT, instead of worrying about how Common Core is changing the test, learn as much as you can about the new SAT and also check out our complete guide to studying for it. On the ACT, the changes are subtler, so you’ll mainly have to worry about being ready for the new essay, as well as theharder reading and science questions. As always, we recommend taking plenty of full-length practice tests to prepare for the test. If your school is implementing Smarter Balanced, PARCC, or ACT Aspire, don’t stress over them, since your performance on those tests doesn’t affect your grades or college prospects. It will be your teacher’s job to prepare you for in-school assessments. What’s Next? If you’re part of the graduating class of 2017, you could take either the â€Å"old† or â€Å"new† SAT. Learn how to decide between the old and new SAT – and whether you should consider just taking the ACT instead! Have you already decided to take the ACT? Learn if the ACT is getting harder, and get a complete guide to ACT Science. Chosen the SAT instead? Get a complete guide to SAT Reading if you're taking the "old" SAT, orread more in-depth about the new SAT if you'll be taking it. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

UN Sanction within Iraq post-gulf storm war, how they affected the Research Proposal

UN Sanction within Iraq post-gulf storm war, how they affected the people and how they provided perhaps breeding ground for terrorist ideology - Research Proposal Example The period in the history of Kuwait in which the country was a part of Basra’s Ottoman ‘vilayet’ was also being followed by the gulf war of 1990/ 1991. A series of political events led to the stage of the war that was fought between the contrived coalition forces of the United States of America and the military troops of the then ruling leader Saddam Hussein. The frontiers of the countries of Kuwait, Saudi Arab and Iraq were decided in the conference of Uqair in the year 1922 by the then high commissioner of the British controlled Indian Army, Sir Percy Cox, for the city of Mesopotamia. The commissioner resolved the constituents of the frontiers of the country, cutting through different series of ridiculous claims and arguments that seemed to be almost impossible for the period. This event was one of the contributors to prepare the stage for the Gulf war. Finally in the year 1930 the high commissioner of the British army in Baghdad passed the judgment of the encouragement of the absorption of Kuwait into the geographical boundary of Iraq gradually by the government of Britain. According to the British government and their representatives the sacrifice of a small and expandable state of Kuwait would not be a huge concern if there had been an existing demand by the struggle of powers of the then period. Kuwait depicted as an ‘oil well’ was being maintained by the United Nations serving as the proxy for the western world. The colonialism policy of the British government along with the imperialism strategy of the United States of America proved to be economic, provided the accommodation were mutually congenial for both, and for the protection of the hegemony of the western world in the fulfillment of the interest of democratic freedom over the natur al oil reserve of the Gulf countries. They were being buttressed by the feudalistic policies of the other regional countries. Previously the government of the United States of America was indifferent regarding Iraq’s conflict with Kuwait, evidence from the period of late nineties or the period of the beginning of the year 1991 showed the strategies of the American government were in favor of war against Iraq. The United States of America provided a positive signal to Iraq, for the invasion of Kuwait by the later. However they emphasized on the lack of commitment from their part in the supply of troops to back the invasion of Kuwait. There were quick moves on the part of the government of United States on the economical, military and political fronts during the period of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq though no serious opposition was provided by United States on the country’s invasion. The result was too threatening for the government of Iraq. Saddam Hussein was named t he ‘new Hitler’ and ridiculed in Britain, apart from the United States and elsewhere. This led to the introduction of economic sanctions that were comprehensive under the auspices of the United Nations. (Simons, 1–3: Schmid, 3) This invasion of Kuwait by Iraq resulted in the providence of a sanction by the Security Council of United Nations, which imposed tremendous impact on the economy of the country and more devastatingly on the lives of the countrymen.   United Nation Sanction on Iraq   During the period of the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq under the governmental leadership of Saddam Hussein the sanctions were mainly applied by the United Nations to pressurize the government of Iraq, which would act as an indirect force to make them leave. The sanctions mainly and predominantly focused on